Abstract
This study explored the interaction between visual metacognitive judgments about others and cues related to the workings of System 1 and System 2. We examined how intrinsic cues (i.e., saliency of a visual change) and experience cues (i.e., detection/blindness) affect people’s predictions about others’ change detection abilities. In Experiment 1, 60 participants were instructed to notice a subtle and a salient visual change in a magic trick that exploits change blindness, after which they estimated the probability that others would detect the change. In Experiment 2, 80 participants watched either the subtle or the salient version of the trick and they were asked to provide predictions for the experienced change. In Experiment 1, participants predicted that others would detect the salient change more easily than the subtle change, which was consistent with the actual detection reported in Experiment 2. In Experiment 2, participants’ personal experience (i.e., whether they detected the change) biased their predictions. Moreover, there was a significant difference between their predictions and offline predictions from Experiment 1. Interestingly, change blindness led to lower predictions. These findings point to joint contributions of experience and information cues on metacognitive judgments about other people’s change detection abilities.
Highlights
This study explored the interaction between visual metacognitive judgments about others and cues related to the workings of System 1 and System 2
Will the experience of change blindness yield significantly different predictions compared to predictions based on implicit beliefs about change detection? System 1 influences the decisions and explicit beliefs of System 2 through feelings and impressions, and given the characteristic “laziness” of System 2, the influence of System 1 is very powerful (Kahneman, 2011)
The main effect of Order was nonsignificant, F(1, 58) 1⁄4 2.15, p 1⁄4 .15, as was the interaction between Change Type and Order F(1, 58) 1⁄4 .8, p 1⁄4 .38. This result indicates that participants believed that others would detect the salient change more than the subtle change
Summary
This study explored the interaction between visual metacognitive judgments about others and cues related to the workings of System 1 and System 2. In Experiment 1, 60 participants were instructed to notice a subtle and a salient visual change in a magic trick that exploits change blindness, after which they estimated the probability that others would detect the change. In Experiment 2, 80 participants watched either the subtle or the salient version of the trick and they were asked to provide predictions for the experienced change. These findings point to joint contributions of experience and information cues on metacognitive judgments about other people’s change detection abilities. Our brains are riddled with perceptual and cognitive failures and yet most people are surprised by the ease by which magicians can prevent their audience from perceiving salient stimuli in their environment. Based on the operations of these two systems, Koriat et al (2008) have argued that metacognitive judgments might be either information-based or experience-based
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