Differential Effects of Dimethyl Fumarate and Monomethyl Fumarate on Neutrophil Granulocyte and PBMC Apoptosis

Abstract

Fumaric acid ester (FAE) formulations are considered a first-line treatment for psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. Small case series and case reports document the use of FAE in various other, mostly granulomatous, diseases (Meissner et al., 2012). A common denominator of these clinically diverse diseases is that neutrophil granulocytes (polymorphonuclear neutrophils [PMNs]) and TNF-α signaling are thought to contribute to their pathogenesis (McCoy and Tansey, 2008; Nestle et al., 2009; Piette and Rosenbach, 2016).