Abstract
Objective: While empirically-supported treatment (EST) choices are continually expanding, choices regarding formats for delivery (individual only, group only, or conjoint [simultaneous individual & group]) are often determined by agency resources or clinician preference. Studies comparing individual and group formats have produced mixed results, while recent meta-analytic reviews support format equivalence. Method: We employed a multilevel model to test for outcome differences using the OQ-45 on an outpatient archival data set of clients receiving individual-only (n = 11,764), group-only (n = 152) or conjoint (n = 1557). Results: Individual and group outcomes were equivalent with some analyses showing conjoint trailing. Moderators of change included initial distress, treatment duration, intra-group dependency, and format. Conclusions: Results support meta-analytic findings of format equivalence in a naturalistic setting for group and individual. Referral practices and future results are discussed.
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