Differential Effect of Steroids and Chloroquine on the Intestinal Absorption of Aluminium and Calcium

Abstract

In rats with normal renal function the intestinal absorption of aluminium appears to be partly vitamin D dependent. To further characterise the similarities between the absorption of aluminium and calcium we investigated the effects of dihydroxylated vitamin D metabolites, prednisolone, and chloroquine (CQ) in Sprague-Dawley rats with normal or reduced renal function. The latter agents interfere with lysosomal functions and have been reported to reduce the intestinal absorption of calcium, whereas vitamin D metabolites may stimulate the absorption of both aluminium and calcium. To assess the intestinal absorption of aluminium we monitored urinary aluminium excretion and serum aluminium concentrations following an oral load of 410 mumol aluminium. Calcium absorption was calculated from the differences between an orally administered dose of 45calcium and faecal excretion. In vitamin-D-deficient rats cholecalciferol and calcitriol augmented urinary aluminium excretion to a similar degree subsequent to an oral load whereas 24R,25(OH)2D3 was without an apparent effect. In vitamin-D-replete rats with normal renal function CQ (225 mg/kg i.p.; 3 days) as well as prednisolone (25 mg/kg; 7 days) significantly reduced calcium absorption (% dose) (CQ: 39 +/- 5%, prednisolone: 42 +/- 3%, control: 58 +/- 11%). In contrast neither drug reduced urinary aluminium excretion (CQ: 519 +/- 92, prednisolone: 494 +/- 137, control: 469 +/- 187 nmol/5 days) or the postload increase in serum aluminium following oral exposure. When aluminium was administered intravenously recovery of aluminium was comparable between treatment groups and controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)