Differential effect of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome immunoglobulin on cloned neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels.

Abstract

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies to presynaptic calcium channels at the neuromuscular junction lead to muscle weakness. Around 60% of patients with LEMS have an associated small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), which is known to express voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). Immunoglobulin (IgG) from patients with LEMS causes inhibition of calcium flux in an SCLC cell line.1 This inhibition has been shown to correlate with disease severity.1 Neuronal VGCCs can be classified into P-, Q-, N-, L-, and R-type according to their electrophysiological and pharmacological properties. Around 92% of LEMS patients have antibodies that immunoprecipitate P/Q-type (125I-CTx-MVIIC labeled) VGCCs and around 30% have antibodies to N-type (125I-CTx-GVIA labeled) VGCCs.2 In addition, antibodies from LEMS patients have been shown to abolish the component of neurotransmitter release subserved by both P-type and Q-type VGCCs in sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons of mice injected with LEMS IgG.3 Neuronal VGCCs consist of an 1 subunit with and 2 subunits. Several of the human genes encoding the different types of VGCC have now been cloned and sequenced, including the 1A, 1B, 1D, 1E, 1–4, and 2 subunits. Human embryonic