Differential effect of caffeine intake in subjects with genetic susceptibility to Parkinson's Disease.

Prakash M Kumar,Eng King Tan,Y Yuen,Y Zhao,Huihua Li,Swe Swe Thet Paing,R Pavanni

doi:10.1038/srep15492

Abstract

We examined if caffeine intake has a differential effect in subjects with high and low genetic susceptibility to Parkinson’s disease (PD), a common neurodegenerative disorder. A case control study involving 812 subjects consisting of PD and healthy controls were conducted. Caffeine intake assessed by a validated questionnaire and genotyping of PD gene risk variant (LRRK2 R1628P) was carried out. Compared to caffeine takers with the wild-type genotype (low genetic susceptibility), non-caffeine takers with R1628P variant (high genetic susceptibility) had a 15 times increased risk of developing PD (OR = 15.4, 95% CI = (1.94, 122), P = 0.01), whereas caffeine takers with R1628P (intermediate susceptibility) had a 3 times risk (OR = 3.07, 95% CI = (2.02, 4.66), P < 0.001). Caffeine intake would significantly reduce the risk of PD much more in those with high genetic susceptibility compared to those with low genetic susceptibility.

Highlights

We examined if caffeine intake has a differential effect in subjects with high and low genetic susceptibility to Parkinson’s disease (PD), a common neurodegenerative disorder
In a multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustment made for the effect of age, gender and family history, we demonstrated that compared to caffeine takers with the wild-type allele, non-caffeine takers with R1628P variant had a 15 times increased risk of developing PD (OR = 1 5.4, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = ( 1.94, 122), P = 0.01), caffeine takers with R1628P had a 3 times risk (OR = 3 .07, 95% CI = (2.02, 4.66), P < 0.001) (Table 1), and non caffeine takers with R1628P was associated with a 2 times risk of PD (OR = 2.18, 95% CI = (1.13, 4.18))
The interaction between the variant and caffeine consumption status was significant with an attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) of about 0.70 (95% CI = (0.32, 1.16))

Summary

Introduction

We examined if caffeine intake has a differential effect in subjects with high and low genetic susceptibility to Parkinson’s disease (PD), a common neurodegenerative disorder. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized clinically by tremor, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability Both genetic and environmental factors have been associated with the pathogenesis of PD and their role in the etiology of PD has been debated. Risk differs among individuals, as many caffeine takers develop PD and non-caffeine takers are protected from PD This variability in the degree of neuroprotection conferred by caffeine on different individuals suggests a possible interaction between caffeine consumption and the genetic susceptibility of PD. We conducted the first case control study to investigate the effect of caffeine intake in subjects with high (LRRK2 risk variant carrier) and low genetic susceptibility (non carrier) to PD

Methods

Results

Conclusion