Differential Effect of Antiallergic Drugs on IgE-Mediated Cutaneous Reaction in Passively Sensitized Mice

Abstract

We investigated the effect of several antiallergic agents on murine IgE-mediated biphasic cutaneous reaction. Mice were passively sensitized by an intravenous injection of monoclonal anti-dinitrophenol (anti-DNP) IgE antibody. Skin reaction was elicited by an epicutaneous challenge of dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and occurred biphasically with immediate-phase response (IPR) and late-phase response (LPR) at 1 and 24 h, respectively. Classical histamine H1 receptor antagonists and some chemical mediator-release inhibitors, such as diphenhydramine and terfenadine, inhibited IPR, but not LPR. In contrast, leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄) receptor antagonist (ONO-4057) inhibited LPR only. Antagonists for LTC₄, D₄, E₄ receptor (ONO-1078) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor (Y-24180) significantly inhibited both IPR and LPR, similarly to prednisolone. We recently found that a third-phase inflammatory reaction with marked infiltration of eosinophils (named very-late-phase response; vLPR), which is supposed to be a more important reaction in allergic diseases, was induced, peaking at day 8 following IPR and LPR in this model. The effect of these drugs on the triphasic skin reaction can be scored based on efficacy against IPR / LPR / vLPR; +/+/+ (prednisolone, a PAF receptor antagonist Y-24180, cyclosporin A and FK-506), +/–/– (diphenhydramine), +/+/– (azelastine and LT receptor antagonist ONO-1078), and –/+/+ (an LTB₄ receptor antagonist ONO-4057). Thus the inhibitory effect on vLPR as well as LPR may relate to the inhibition of eosinophil function mediated by LTB₄ and PAF and/or T cells. These findings may provide the basis for a treatment modality using various antiallergic agents in allergic disease.