Abstract
The differential diagnosis of chest pain is a challenging clinical experience requiring a perceptive and observant clinician. The patient is dependent on the clinician's skill in eliciting a meaningful and relevant history. The clinician must consider reasonable alternative diagnoses while providing immediate therapies to relieve the pain and maintain patient stability. Appropriate diagnostic procedures should be pursued quickly and efficiently to treat the patient effectively.
Highlights
Introductory Chapter: The Patient Presenting with Chest PainJohn-Ross D
The physiological structure formed by the circular muscles, diaphragm cruses, and phrenoesophageal ligament in the esophagogastric junction forms the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) which acts as the primary barrier function for reflux
After venous access, when the sheath is being advanced into the venous system, it could stretch the periosteum of the costoclavicular ligament which in turn can be uncomfortable for the patient
Summary
Chest pain is the principal reason for approximately 5% of the emergency department (ED) visits in the United States [1]. It is the most frequent reason for presentation to an emergency facility in men age 65 years and older. Part of the significance of chest pain as a presenting symptom is its association with potentially life-threatening diagnoses such as: acute myocardial infarction (AMI), pulmonary embolism, and aortic dissection, among others. The sections that follow provide a brief insight into the scope of chest pain diagnoses and the value of clinical findings in establishing a diagnosis
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