Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a public health issue that affects mostly, but not exclusively, developing countries. Abdominal TB is difficult to detect at first, with the incidence ranging from 10% to 30% of individuals with lung TB. Symptoms are non-specific, examinations can be misleading, and biomarkers commonly linked with other diseases can also make appropriate diagnosis difficult. As a background for this literature review, the method used was to look into the main characteristics and features of abdominal tuberculosis that could help with differentiation on the PubMed, Science Direct, and Academic Oxford Journals databases. The results were grouped into three categories: A. general features (the five forms of abdominal tuberculosis: wet and dry peritonitis, lymphadenopathy, lesions at the level of the cavitary organs, lesions at the level of the solid organs), B. different intra-abdominal organs and patterns of involvement (oesophageal, gastro-duodenal, jejunal, ileal, colorectal, hepatosplenic, and pancreatic TB with calcified lymphadenopathy, also with description of extraperitoneal forms), and C. special challenges of the differential diagnosis in abdominal TB (such as diagnostic overlap, the disease in transplant candidates and transplant recipients, and zoonotic TB). The study concluded that, particularly in endemic countries, any disease manifesting with peritonitis, lymphadenopathy, or lesions at the level of the intestines or solid organs should have workups and protocols applied that can confirm/dismiss the suspicion of abdominal tuberculosis.
Highlights
The research is grouped into three categories: (A) general features, regarding the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis; (B) different intra-abdominal organs and their involvement; and (C) special challenges of the differentiation of ab
The research is grouped into three categories: (A) general features, regarding the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis; (B) different intra-abdominal organs and their involvement; and (C) special challenges of the differentiation of abdominal TB
There is the intestinal set of lesions that are seen with endoscopy, and fourth, there are the lesions described at the level of the solid organs, where a biopsy can be performed
Summary
Tuberculosis is a common systemic infection with the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is primarily found in the lungs and causes caseous inflammation in lung tissue and other organs. Each person with active tuberculosis can infect 10 to 15 persons each year if they are not cured. Over two billion people are infected with the tuberculosis bacteria. In his or her lifetime, one out of every ten of those people will contract active tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a poverty-related illness, with the vast majority of people killed in poor countries, and with Asia accounting for more than half of all deaths
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