Abstract
BackgroundDyslipidemia, dysregulated adipokine secretion and alteration in glucagon and adropin concentrations are important obesity-related factors in the pathophysiology of human Type 2 diabetes; however, their roles in the pathophysiology of feline diabetes mellitus are relatively unknown. Here, we determined the concentrations of circulating leptin, adiponectin, pro-inflammatory cytokines, glucagon, adropin, triglycerides, and cholesterol, in non-diabetic lean and overweight cats and newly diagnosed diabetic cats. Client-owned cats were recruited and assigned into 3 study groups: lean, overweight and diabetic. Fasting blood samples were analyzed in lean, overweight and diabetic cats at baseline and 4 weeks after consumption of high protein/low carbohydrate standardized diet.ResultsSerum concentrations of triglycerides were greater in diabetics at baseline and were increased in both diabetic and overweight cats at 4 weeks. Plasma leptin concentrations were greater in diabetic and overweight at baseline and 4 weeks, whereas adiponectin was lower in diabetics compared to lean and overweight cats at baseline and 4 weeks. Diabetics had greater baseline plasma glucagon concentrations compared to lean, lower adropin than overweight at 4 weeks, and lower IL-12 concentrations at 4 weeks than baseline.ConclusionsOur results suggest that feline obesity and diabetes mellitus are characterized by hypertriglyceridemia and hyperleptinemia; however, diabetic cats have significantly lower adiponectin and adropin compared to overweight cats. Thus, despite having similar body condition, overweight and diabetic cats have differential circulating concentrations of adiponectin and adropin.
Highlights
Dyslipidemia, dysregulated adipokine secretion and alteration in glucagon and adropin concentrations are important obesity-related factors in the pathophysiology of human Type 2 diabetes; their roles in the pathophysiology of feline diabetes mellitus are relatively unknown
We recently reported that plasma concentrations of the gut hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are increased after a meal in cats, with diabetic cats having greater circulating concentrations of GLP-1 than lean or overweight cats [26]
Experimental protocols, subject descriptions, feeding protocols, and health assessments have been previously reported for this cohort of cats as part of a study to measure plasma concentrations of GLP-1, glucosedependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), insulin and peptide YY (PYY) in client-owned newly diagnosed diabetic cats, and non-diabetic lean or overweight cats [26]
Summary
Dyslipidemia, dysregulated adipokine secretion and alteration in glucagon and adropin concentrations are important obesity-related factors in the pathophysiology of human Type 2 diabetes; their roles in the pathophysiology of feline diabetes mellitus are relatively unknown. We determined the concentrations of circulating leptin, adiponectin, pro-inflammatory cytokines, glucagon, adropin, triglycerides, and cholesterol, in non-diabetic lean and overweight cats and newly diagnosed diabetic cats. The adipose transcript abundance of pro-inflammatory cytokines (eg., tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-Υ, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) has been reported to be greater in obese compared to lean cats [21,22,23]. Obese cats have increased plasma triglyceride concentrations [24] and higher cholesterol concentrations have been associated with a decreased likelihood of diabetic remission in FDM [25]
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