Differential binding activity of ARH1/TAM motifs

Abstract

T- and B-cell antigen receptors, and certain receptors for IgG and IgE constant regions, transduce signals via a conserved amino acid sequence motif, termed ARH1 or TAM. Receptor ligation leads to phosphorylation of 2 tyrosines found within the motif and this phosphorylation appears critical for signal transduction. Although this 26-residue motif exhibits some functional redundancy, its variability in sequence and occurrence in multiple forms in individual receptor complexes, e.g., as many as 8 copies in TCR, suggests that individual ARH1 motifs may exhibit partially unique function. To begin to address this possibility, we compared the binding activity of doubly phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated Ig α, Ig β, TcR ξ c and CD3ϵ ARH1 motifs. Results demonstrate a clear difference in binding activity determined by both motif phosphorylation and primary structure. Among non-phosphorylated motifs, Ig α exhibits the most readily detectable binding activity; binding src-family kinases [1], CD22, MAPK, PI3-k, and Shc, but not CD19. Among doubly phosphorylated motifs, Ig α, Ig β, TCR ξ c and CD3ϵ all exhibit binding activity but have distinct effector preferences. For example, while Ig α prefers src-family kinases over the Syk kinase and binds Shc avidly, CD3ϵ prefers Syk over src-kinases and does not bind Shc. TCRξc seems to bind Syk, src-kinases and Shc. These data are consistent with the possibility that ARH1 motifs may be coupled to distinct signal propagation mechanisms.