Abstract
BackgroundChronic inflammation is a hallmark of type-2 diabetes (T2D) and asthma. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 or CCL-2 is a key regulator of monocytic infiltration into the sites of inflammation. The changes in systemic MCP-1 levels and its relationship with other inflammatory/immune markers in T2D patients with asthma remain unclear and have been addressed in this study.MethodsPlasma samples from 10 asthmatic T2D patients (Group I: BMI = 37.82 ± 9.75 kg/m2), 13 non-asthmatic T2D patients (Group II: BMI = 32.68 ± 4.63 kg/m2), 23 asthma patients without T2D (Group III: BMI = 30.14 ± 6.74 kg/m2), and 25 non-asthmatic non-diabetic controls (Group IV: BMI = 27.99 ± 5.86 kg/m2) were used to measure levels of MCP-1 and multiple cytokine/chemokine biomarkers with bead-based multiplex assays using Luminex technology. IgE/ECP were measured using commercial ELISA kits. Data (mean ± SEM) were compared using unpaired Student’s t-test and linear dependence between two variables was assessed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) and P ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant.ResultsPlasma MCP-1 levels were significantly higher in Group I (337.95 ± 46.40 pg/mL) as compared with Group II (216.69 ± 17.30 pg/mL), Group III (251.76 ± 19.80 pg/mL), and Group IV (223.52 ± 133.36 pg/mL). MCP-1 showed differential association with tested biomarkers by correlating positively with: (i) IFN-α2, IL-10, fractalkine, and VEGF in T2D patients with asthma; (ii) IL-6 and GRO-α in T2D patients without asthma; (iii) MDC, IP-10, GM-CSF, FGF-2, and PDGF-AA/BB in patients with asthma only; and (iv) FPG and TG in non-asthmatic non-diabetic controls. MCP-1 associated with IL-1RA only in subjects with asthma.ConclusionThe systemic MCP-1 levels were significantly elevated in T2D patients with asthma as compared with those without asthma and/or diabetes while these changes correlated differentially with important biomarkers of inflammation and airway remodeling.
Highlights
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of type-2 diabetes (T2D) and asthma
Our data show (Table 2) that in diabetic patients with asthma, Macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels correlated with IFN-α2, IL-1 receptor agonist (IL-1RA), IL-10, Fractalkine/CX3CL-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) whereas, in diabetic patients without asthma, Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 levels correlated with IL-3, IL-6, IL-9, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α/C chemokine ligand (CCL)-3, MIP-1β/CCL-4, GROα/CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)-1, and Body mass index (BMI)
In non-diabetic individuals with asthma, MCP-1 levels correlated with IL-1β, IL-1RA, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC)/CCL-22, inducible protein (IP)-10/CXCL-10, granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA, PDGF-BB, and Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
Summary
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of type-2 diabetes (T2D) and asthma. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 or CCL-2 is a key regulator of monocytic infiltration into the sites of inflammation. The increasing evidence suggests that chronic inflammation is a critical factor involved in type-2 diabetes (T2D) and asthma [1,2,3,4,5]. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, known as C-C chemokine ligand (CCL)-2, recruits monocytes to the sites of inflammation, such as into the expanding adipose tissue in obesity/T2D [6, 7] or the arterial vessel wall in asthmatic patients [8]. The study objective was to measure the plasma MCP-1 levels and assess their relationship with various inflammatory, airway remodeling, and other immune biomarkers in T2D patients with and without asthma. Plasma MCP-1 levels associated differentially with inflammatory and lung tissue remodeling biomarkers when compared between asthmatic T2D patients and other study groups
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