Differential Association of Cereal Intake Patterns with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among the Adults in China

Abstract

Abstract Objectives This study examined the association between cereal intake patterns and major CM risk factors among Chinese adults. Methods We linked the dietary intake and covariates measured in China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 2011 with CM risk factors measured in CHNS 2015 among 4706 Chinese adults aged ≥18 years. Dietary intake was calculated based on the data collected by consecutive 3 d 24 h recalls combined with the weighing of household seasonings. We performed multivariable logistic regressions to analyze the association of each 2011 cereal and its subtypes intake with the major CM risk factors. Results After we adjusted for potential confounders, intake levels of total cereal, rice and its products and refined grains were associated with the prevalence of elevated TG. Intake levels of wheat and its products were positively associated with the prevalence of abdominal obesity and overweight, whereas were inversely associated with the prevalence of lipid-related factors, elevated BP and elevated FG. Adults with the top tertile of the intake of whole grains showed lower OR of elevated LDL-C (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.46–0.88), along with the intake of 50.00 to 150.00 g/day (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49–0.96). Conclusions Associations with the major CM risk factors varied across cereal subtypes. Rice, wheat and their products, and refined grains were positively associated with elevated TG; Coarse grains and whole grains did not show the similar impacts on major CM risk factors. Funding Sources The CHNS is funded by the National Institute for Nutrition and Health, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Carolina Population Center (5 R24 HD050924), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; the National Institutes of Health (R01-HD30880, DK056350, R24 HD050924, R01-HD38700); the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health (5D43TW007709 and 5D43TW009077); and the Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China, the China Nutritional Transition Cohort Study (13,103,110,700,015,005).