Differential analysis of the bacterial community in colostrum samples from women with gestational diabetes mellitus and obesity

J S Gámez-Valdez,M R Alcorta-García,V J Lara-Díaz,M T Alanís Rodríguez,C Licona-Cassani,D L Rodríguez-Reyes,R Pérez-Cabeza De Vaca,G Jiménez-Blanco,A H Montoya-Rincón,J F García-Mazcorro,M Brunck

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-03779-7

J S Gámez-Valdez, M R Alcorta-García + Show 9 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-03779-7

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Journal: Scientific Reports	Publication Date: Dec 1, 2021
Citations: 15	License type: open-access

Affiliation: Tecnológico de Monterrey

Abstract

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and obesity affect the functioning of multiple maternal systems and influence colonization of the newborn gastrointestinal through the breastmilk microbiota (BMM). It is currently unclear how GDM and obesity affect the human BMM composition. Here, we applied 16S-rRNA high-throughput sequencing to human colostrum milk to characterize BMM taxonomic changes in a cohort of 43 individuals classified in six subgroups according to mothers patho-physiological conditions (healthy control (n = 18), GDM (n = 13), or obesity (n = 12)) and newborn gender. Using various diversity indicators, including Shannon/Faith phylogenetic index and UniFrac/robust Aitchison distances, we evidenced that BMM composition was influenced by the infant gender in the obesity subgroup. In addition, the GDM group presented higher microbial diversity compared to the control group. Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium 1, Anaerococcus and Prevotella were overrepresented in colostrum from women with either obesity or GDM, compared to control samples. Finally, Rhodobacteraceae was distinct for GDM and 5 families (Bdellovibrionaceae, Halomonadaceae, Shewanellaceae, Saccharimonadales and Vibrionaceae) were distinct for obesity subgroups with an absolute effect size greater than 1 and a q-value ≤ 0.05. This study represents the first effort to describe the impact of maternal GDM and obesity on BMM.

Highlights

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and obesity affect the functioning of multiple maternal systems and influence colonization of the newborn gastrointestinal through the breastmilk microbiota (BMM)
All in-hospital deliveries were performed in accordance with Mexican guidelines and the gestation periods lasted an average of 39.4 weeks
We present the first compositional study of the colostrum microbiota of mothers affected by obesity or gestational diabetes mellitus

Summary

Introduction

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and obesity affect the functioning of multiple maternal systems and influence colonization of the newborn gastrointestinal through the breastmilk microbiota (BMM). It is currently unclear how GDM and obesity affect the human BMM composition. We applied 16S-rRNA high-throughput sequencing to human colostrum milk to characterize BMM taxonomic changes in a cohort of 43 individuals classified in six subgroups according to mothers patho-physiological conditions (healthy control (n = 18), GDM (n = 13), or obesity (n = 12)) and newborn gender. Maternal conditions (ethnicity, diet, body mass index (BMI), health), delivery type and neonate gender have been correlated with variations in the relative abundance of taxa and diversity of the breastmilk microbiota (BMM)[5,7,8,9]. Women with GDM present decreased insulin sensitivity and β-cell dysfunction, which increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease after p regnancy[15,16]

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