Differential activation of CYP2C9 variants by dapsone

Abstract

Studies have shown that CYP2C9.1 mediated metabolism of flurbiprofen or naproxen is activated by co-incubation with dapsone. However, dapsone activation has not been examined in the known variant forms of CYP2C9. Six concentrations of flurbiprofen (2–300 μM) or naproxen (10–1800 μM) were co-incubated with six concentrations of dapsone (0–100 μM) and with reconstituted, purified CYP2C9.1, CYP2C9.2 (R144C), CYP2C9.3 (I359L), or CYP2C9.5 (D360E), in order to assess degrees of activation. Dapsone increased the efficiency ( V m/ K m) of flurbiprofen 4′-hydroxylation by CYP2C9.1, CYP2C9.2, CYP2C9.3, and CYP2C9.5 by 8-, 31-, 47-, and 22-fold, respectively. In similar experiments using the substrate naproxen, dapsone increased the efficiency of naproxen demethylation 7-, 15-, 13-, and 22-fold, in CYP2C9.1, CYP2C9.2, CYP2C9.3, and CYP2C9.5, respectively. Also, dapsone normalized naproxen’s kinetic profile from biphasic (CYP2C9.1 and CYP2C9.2) or linear (CYP2C9.3 and CYP2C9.5) to hyperbolic for all variant forms. Thus, amino acid substitutions of CYP2C9 variants affect the degree of dapsone activation in a genotype-dependent fashion. Furthermore, the degree of effect noted across variants appeared to be dependent on the substrate studied.