Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between different types of screen behavior and depression, taking into account exercise and sleep among children and adolescents. A total of 23,573 Japanese children and adolescents (aged 8–15 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Different types of screen behavior, weekly exercise time, sleep duration, and prevalence of depression were assessed using a questionnaire. Independent associations between various types of screen behavior and prevalence of depression were examined using logistic regression analyses after adjusting for age, school, sleep duration, exercise time, and other screen behavior types. A two-way analysis of covariance was conducted to examine whether exercise and sleep can attenuate the negative effects of screen behavior. The associations between screen behavior and depression varied by screen behavior types and participant characteristics. More time spent engaging in newer types of screen behavior, including social media, online games, and online videos, was associated with a higher prevalence of depression. In contrast, more time spent on TV was associated with a lower prevalence of depression. Sufficient exercise can lower the prevalence of depression, regardless of the length of time and content of the screen, and its associations were particularly significant for junior high school girls. Sleep was not associated with the prevalence of depression among any participant group except elementary school boys. Our findings suggest that age- and sex-specific intervention strategies that also consider screen-based behavior can effectively lower the risk of depression in children and adolescents.

Highlights

  • Depression and its increasing prevalence among children and adolescents [1, 2] is a serious concern

  • Upward social comparisons occur when people compare themselves to others who are in more favorable positions [20,21,22]

  • Boys in junior high school spent less time exercising than boys in elementary school, but the opposite results were found for girls

Read more

Summary

Introduction

Depression and its increasing prevalence among children and adolescents [1, 2] is a serious concern. Previous studies showed that upward social comparison occurs while using social media because it creates feelings of inferiority [24,25,26] In this scenario, social media might have larger effects than video games, which do not contain depictions of actual real-life individuals to whom the youth can socially compare themselves [10]. Social media might have larger effects than video games, which do not contain depictions of actual real-life individuals to whom the youth can socially compare themselves [10] In either case, this evidence suggests that viewed contents should be considered when the association between screen time and depression is examined

Objectives
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Full Text
Published version (Free)

Talk to us

Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have

Schedule a call