Different Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms in Alzheimer’s Disease Caregivers – 5-Year Follow-Up

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objectives The care of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) relies on family caregivers (FCs) who face increasing demands. This study aimed to identify trajectories of depressive symptoms in FCs. Methods 226 FCs and individuals with AD were followed up for 5 years as a part of the ALSOVA study. Depressive symptoms in FCs were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory from the time of the AD diagnosis to the 5-year follow-up. We compared the trajectory of groups regarding age, education, and sex of both FC distress and AD symptoms. Results We identified three trajectories of FC depressive symptoms throughout follow-up: (1) declining (7.5% of FCs), (2) minor (59.7% of FCs), and (3) increased (32.7% of FCs). These groups exhibited differences in demographic variables, FC distress, and individuals with AD neuropsychiatric symptoms. Conclusions The present study showed that FC depressive symptoms existed, and one-third of caregivers experienced increasing depressive symptoms over five years. Clinical implications Family caregivers’ health should be followed in clinical practice, and those at risk of depression could be recognized early in caregiving.