Different training programs for improving muscular performance in healthy inactive elderly

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether a general conditioning (callisthenic exercise) versus a machine based resistance-training protocol or an isokinetic exercise program would be similarly effective in improving knee extension muscular performance in healthy inactive elderly. Fifty two individuals, 26 men and 26 women, were randomly assigned to one of four groups: control group (C, n =1 0), the isokinetic strengthening group (ISO, n =1 2), the multi-joint resistance training group (RES, n =1 5) and the calisthenic exercised group (CAL, n =1 5). The training protocol for the ISO included concentric isokinetic extension and flexion of the knee, for the RES included leg extension, leg curls and leg press and for the CAL included aerobic exercise accompanied with music, general calisthenics and activities targeted to reaction time and agility improvement. The isokinetic concentric testing method applied prior to and at the end of the training period to assess peak muscle torque of the right knee extensors. MANOVA repeated measures (2× 4, time by treatment) revealed that at 60 ◦ /s angular velocity there was statistically significant improvement in performance for the RES group in comparison to control group. At 180 ◦ /s angular velocity the results revealed, statistically significant improvement in performance for the RES and ISO group also. In conclusion, in older adults isokinetic exercise and resistance training results in larger increases in strength compared with callisthenic exercise.