Different sympathetic–parasympathetic interactions on sinus rate and AV conduction in dog hearts

Abstract

We investigated the sympathetic–parasympathetic interactions involved in SA nodal pacemaker activity and AV conductivity in the anesthetized dog heart. Stimulation of the intracardiac parasympathetic nerves to the SA nodal region (SAPS) and stimulation of the intracardiac parasympathetic nerves to the AV nodal region (AVPS) induced negative chronotropic and dromotropic responses, respectively. Cardiac sympathetic stimulation, aminophylline, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX, a relatively pure nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor) and methyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-piridine-5-carboxylate (Bay k 8644, a Ca 2+ channel agonist) increased sinus rate and decreased AV conduction time. Sympathetic stimulation augmented the negative chronotropic response to SAPS but not the negative dromotropic response to AVPS, IBMX augmented both responses, Bay k 8644 augmented the chronotropic response and attenuated the dromotropic response, and aminophylline did not affect the chronotropic response to SAPS and inhibited the dromotropic response to AVPS. Additionally, when Bay k 8644 directly given via the AV node artery decreased AV conduction time, it attenuated the negative dromotropic response to AVPS and carbachol injected into the AV node artery. These results suggest that the differential sympathetic–parasympathetic interactions on sinus rate and AV conduction are at least partly induced by an interaction between changes in slow inward Ca 2+ current or intracellular Ca 2+ and the cardiac effects of acetylcholine in the heart in situ.