Abstract
Different subtypes of influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause different pathogenic phenotypes after infecting human bodies. Analysis of the interactions between viral proteins and the host proteins may provide insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of the virus. In this paper, we found that the same proteins (nucleoprotein and neuraminidase) of H1N1 and H5N1 have different impacts on the NF-κB activation. By further examining the virus–host protein–protein interactions, we found that both NP and NA proteins of the H1N1 and H5N1 viruses target different host proteins. These results indicate that different subtypes of influenza viruses target different human proteins and pathways leading to different pathogenic phenotypes.
Highlights
In uenza A virus (IAV) belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family
H5N1 NP and H1N1 NP Have Di erent Impacts on the TNF-α-Induced NF-κB Activation. e nucleoprotein of negative-strand RNA viruses forms a major component of the ribonucleoprotein complex that is responsible for viral transcription and replication, and NP proteins of IAV support the progress of the polymerase during the elongation phase [20]
E dual-luciferase activity assay was performed to determine the impacts of the NP proteins from di erent subtypes of IAVs on the TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. e results showed that the H5N1 NP clone signi cantly inhibited TNF-α stimulated NF-κB promoter activity, while the H1N1 NP had little impact on it (Figures 1(a) and 1(b))
Summary
In uenza A virus (IAV) belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family. IAVs are further typed into many di erent subtypes based on the antigenicity of hemagglutinin (HA) and the neuraminidase (NA) [4], the proteins on the surface of the virus. 18 HA(H1-H18) and 11 NA (N1-N11) subtypes have been identi ed in IAVs [5]. Di erent subtypes of IAVs may have evolved various mechanisms to co-opt host processes and suppress host defenses, inducing di erent infectious phenotypic outcomes. The highly transmissible seasonal H1N1 virus usually causes mild illness, while the highly pathogenic avian H5N1 virus o en leads to severe cases when infecting humans. E pathogenic mechanism under this phenomenon needs more research e orts to reveal The highly transmissible seasonal H1N1 virus usually causes mild illness, while the highly pathogenic avian H5N1 virus o en leads to severe cases when infecting humans. e pathogenic mechanism under this phenomenon needs more research e orts to reveal
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