Abstract
Focused shock waves: Concrement disintegration and stimulation of Pseudarthroses gaps request the shock wave energy at limited spatial areas. High pressure amplitudes and energies need to exceed certain thresholds of stone material for mechanical disintegration work. Accordingly the generation of fractures within the medullar bone explained the stimulation of healing proportional to the acoustic energy. Recent clinical findings reveal identical or even better outcomes at low number of shocks. Biological model: Accepting the biological model as promoted by W. Schaden, the peak pressure and the energy density of the shock waves might be lowered dramatically. Activation of the body’s healing mechanisms will be seen by ingrowth of new blood vessels and the release of growth factors. Unfocused shock wave sources: The biological model motivated the design of sources with low pressure amplitudes and energy densities. First: spherical waves generated between two tips of an electrode; and second: nearly even waves generated by generalized parabolic reflectors. Third: divergent shock front characteristics are generated by an ellipsoid behind F2. Unfocused sources are preferably designed for extended two dimensional areas/volumes like skin. Detailed acoustical parameters might be presented.
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