Abstract
AbstractRunoff patterns are crucial to determine the hydrological response to climate change, especially in a seasonal frost area. In this study, multi-time runoff responses to meteoric precipitation for the period from July 2014 to June 2016 and the period from 1955 to 2010 were obtained to identify different runoff patterns in the Songhua River basin, northeast China, based on six stations. Two distinctly different runoff responses are exhibited: a periodic one in response to precipitation in the Nen River and a constant one in the Second Songhua River under different scales. Stable isotopes in the plain with diverse characteristics also supported these runoff patterns. What is more, gradual runoff relatively less sensitive to precipitation in the Second Songhua Rive was attributed to upstream dam constructions. Furthermore, the Second Songhua River contributes more water to the main stream during January to March at the seasonal scale and in the 2000s at the annual scale, with low precipitation during those periods. This study could have implications for water management in the Songhua River basin.
Highlights
Climate change has been widely reported in recent years and is expected to continue (IPCC ; Han et al )
Precipitation has an important impact on runoff, and runoff patterns with diverse runoff responses to precipitation are vital to assess the impacts of precipitation change on the hydrological cycle (Vogel et al ; Berghuijs et al )
The lowest runoff was observed during January to March at all stations, which is in good agreement with the lowest precipitation recorded during this period (Figure 2)
Summary
Climate change has been widely reported in recent years and is expected to continue (IPCC ; Han et al ). Increases in the number of days with precipitation and intensity of heavy precipitation with some seasonal and/or regional variation have been observed over many regions, even where there had been a reduction in annual total precipitation (Goswami et al ; Donat et al ; Liu et al ). Since precipitation elasticity to runoff was first defined by Schaake ( ), many studies have been conducted to identify the response of runoff to precipitation based on long-term hydrometeorological data
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