Different preferences for inorganic carbon influence CO2 flux under Cyanobacteria or Chlorophyta dominance days

Abstract

Algae play critical roles in the carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange between the water bodies and the atmosphere. However, the effects of prokaryotic and eukaryotic algae on carbon utilization, CO2 flux, and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study investigated the differences in carbon preferences and CO2 fluxes under different algal dominance days. Our research revealed that dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration fluctuations had a limited effect on the relative abundance of algae. However, shifts in dominant algal phyla induced changes in DIC, with Cyanobacteria preferring HCO3- and Chlorophyta preferring CO2. Analysis of the water chemistry balance indicated that the growth of Chlorophyta had a 15.59 times greater effect on CO2 sinks compared with that of Cyanobacteria. During the Cyanobacteria dominance days, the lower DIC concentration did not result in a reduction in CO2 emissions. However, increases in the dissolved organic carbon concentration provided a favorable environment for Cyanobacteria, which promoted CO2 emissions. The CCM model indicated that the growth of Chlorophyta resulted in CO2 uptake rates at least 3.57 times higher and CO2 leakage rates up to 0.97 times lower compared to Cyanobacteria, accelerating CO2 transport into the cell. Overall, CO2 sink was stronger on Chlorophyta dominance days than on Cyanobacteria dominance days. This study emphasized the influence of algal phyla on CO2 fluxes, revealing the significant CO2 sink associated with Chlorophyta. Further research should investigate how to manipulate environmental factors to favor Chlorophyta growth and effectively reduce CO2 emissions.