Abstract
BackgroundIn the horizon of therapeutic restrictions in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), recently, non-invasive transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has achieved considerable prosperities. Translational studies have postulated that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and the other types of tES remain potentially a novel therapeutic option to reverse or stabilize cognitive and motor impairments.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the effects of the four main paradigms of tES, including tDCS, transcranial alternating (tACS), pulsed (tPCS), and random noise (tRNS) stimulations on collagenase-induced sensorimotor impairments and striatum tissue damage in male rats.MethodsTo induce ICH, 0.5 μl of collagenase was injected into the right striatum of male Sprague Dawley rats. One day after surgery, tES, was applied to the animals for seven consecutive days. Motor functions were appraised by neurological deficit score, rotarod, and wire hanging tests on the day before surgery and postoperative days 3, 7, and 14. After behavioral tests, brain tissue was prepared appropriately to perform the stereological evaluations.ResultsThe results indicated that the application of the four tES paradigms (tDCS, tACS, tRNS, and tPCS) significantly reversed motor disorders in collagenase-induced ICH groups. Further, the motor function improvement of tACS and tRNS receiving rats in wire-hanging and rotarod tests were higher than the other two tES receiving groups. Structural changes and stereological assessments also confirmed the results of behavioral functions.ConclusionOur findings suggest that in addition to tDCS application in the treatment of ICH, other tES paradigms, especially tACS and tRNS may be considered as add-on therapeutic strategies in stroke.
Highlights
Stroke is one of the principal causes of death and disability worldwide
Our findings suggest that in addition to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) application in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), other transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) paradigms, especially Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) may be considered as add-on therapeutic strategies in stroke
The Neurological deficit score (NDS) was significantly reduced on the 3rd day in the ICH group and all ICH-tES groups compared with the sham group (P < 0.0001, Fig. 1)
Summary
Stroke is one of the principal causes of death and disability worldwide. Stroke categorizes into the ischemic and hemorrhagic types, and ischemic represents the most common of cases (87%) [1]. Since the treatment of hemorrhagic stroke includes some limits for using drugs, recently, novel therapeutic methods, like non-invasive stimulation of the brain through transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) have been presented. The earlier study has shown this weak transcranial stimulation can induce long-term and polarity-specific changes in the excitability of the cerebral cortex in humans [7] In this technique, two electrodes are typically placed on two precise areas of the scalp to complete the flow circuit [8]. In the horizon of therapeutic restrictions in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), recently, non-invasive transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has achieved considerable prosperities. Translational studies have postulated that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and the other types of tES remain potentially a novel therapeutic option to reverse or stabilize cognitive and motor impairments
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