Different Methods and Technologies of Advanced Oxidation Processes Adopted in Industrial Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

Advanced oxidation process (AOP) is a noble alternative for ground and industrial wastewater treatment compared with conventional treatment where the efficacy is high and non-biodegradable, hazardous chemicals, or organic matter are converted into harmless products. AOP is broadly classified into photochemical and chemical processes. Photochemical AOP includes ultraviolet (UV)/hydrogen peroxide, UV/ozone system, a combination of UV/hydrogen peroxide, and ozone and the photo-Fenton process. Fenton reaction, ozone/hydrogen peroxide reaction, ozonation in alkaline system, and ultrasound sonolysis fall under the category of chemical processes. Even though AOP is more efficient and does not lead to toxic by-products, the operating cost is high. To implement a reduction in the operating costs of AOPs, recent technologies combine AOP with bioremediation treatments. Integrated advancements like heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalysis, hybrid technology, and sulfate radical oxidation were also discussed. This chapter highlights the advantages and limitations of different types of conventional and new trends in AOP.