Different mechanisms of hypoxic injury on white matter and gray matter as revealed by dynamic changes in glucose metabolism in rats

Abstract

Fresh rat brain slices were incubated with [ 18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy- d-glucose ([ 18F]FDG) in oxygenated Krebs–Ringer solution at 36 °C, and the fractional rate constant (= k 3*) of [ 18F]FDG proportional to the cerebral glucose metabolic rate in white matter and gray matter was investigated with positron autoradiography. In both white matter and gray matter, the k 3* value with ≥20 min hypoxia was markedly lower than the unloaded control value, indicating irreversible hypoxic injury. Next, the neuroprotective effect against hypoxia induced by the addition of an N-methyl- d-aspartate receptor antagonist or a free radical scavenger was assessed by determining whether a decrease in the k 3* value after hypoxia loading was prevented. In gray matter, both agents exhibited a neuroprotective effect against 20 min hypoxia. In white matter, however, only the free radical scavenger was effective. These results suggest a similarity in the degree of vulnerability to hypoxia between white matter and gray matter as well as a difference in the developmental mechanism of hypoxic injury, i.e. the involvement of both glutamate and free radicals in gray matter, and the more selective involvement of free radicals in white matter.