Abstract
A mixture of red and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs; at a ratio of 7:3, respectively) were used to analyze the effects of different photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDs) (40, 80, and 120 µmol m−2 s−1 hereafter known as LED 40, 80, and 120, respectively) on the micropropagation of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus shoots. The experiment also examined the effect of 6-benzyladenine (BA) in 1, 2.5, and 5 µM concentrations in the media. Biometrical observations and analyses of leaf morphometry and photosynthetic pigment content were conducted. Shoot multiplication increased with an increasing BA concentration. A PPFD of 80 µmol m−2 s−1 and 5 µM BA is suggested as efficient for shoot propagation and economically viable. LED 120 increased the leaf blade area and its width, and circularity and elongation ratios. The intensity of light did not affect the fresh weight, which increased at higher BA concentrations (2.5 and 5 μM). The dry weight content decreased with increasing cytokinin concentration; the greatest content was observed on media with 1 µM BA under PPFD 120 µmol m−2 s−1. LED 80 increased the photosynthetic pigments content in the leaves in comparison to the standard intensity of LED 40. Increased BA concentration raises the content of chlorophyll a.
Highlights
Light is essential for plant growth and development
In contrast to many other studies where light quality emitted by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were examined, the present research showed that light intensity is very important for in vitro plant photomorphogenesis
It was demonstrated that these intensities and BA concentrations in the media affected the biometrical properties of plantlets, leaf morphometry, and photosynthetic pigment content during micropropagation of gerbera axillary shoots (Figures 2–4, Tables 1 and 2, Tables S1–S4)
Summary
Light is essential for plant growth and development It regulates photosynthesis, morphogenesis, metabolism, gene expression, and other physiological processes. In addition to light quality and photoperiod, light intensity is very important, and each plant species requires its optimal photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) to be determined [2,3]. The level of light intensity in in vitro cultures is lower than in greenhouse cultivation; for gerbera, the photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) is high—up to 200 μmol m−2 s−1 [4]. The PPFD for plants in vitro varies [5,6], and the range for herbaceous plants is from 7 to 120 μmol m−2 s−1 , but for most species the optimal level is at
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