Abstract
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) became an alerting virus in Europe from 2017 to 2020 because of its significant damage to Cucurbitaceae cultivation. Until now, just some cucurbit crops including sponge gourd, melon, pumpkin, and cucumber were reported to be resistant to ToLCNDV, but no commercial cultivars are available. In this study, a new isolate of ToLCNDV was identified in Pakistan and analyzed together with ToLCNDV-ES which was previously isolated in Italy. Furthermore, infectious clones of two ToLCNDV isolates were constructed and agroinoculated into different cucurbit crops to verify their infectivity. Results showed that both isolates exhibited severe infection on all tested cucurbit (>70%) except watermelon. Thus, those cultivars may be good candidates in the first step of screening genetic resources for resistance on both Southeast Asian and Mediterranean ToLCNDV isolates. Additional, comparison pathogenicity of different geographical ToLCNDV isolates will be aided to understand viral characterization as such knowledge could facilitate breeding resistance to this virus.
Highlights
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is a bipartite member of the genusBegomovirus belonging to Geminiviridae family
ToLCNDV-India DNA A is closely related (98%) with ToLCNDV isolated from tomato in India, while DNA B showed high similarity (99%) with ToLCNDV isolated from chayote in India and tomato in Bangladesh. Sequences of both ToLCNDV-ES DNA A and DNA B components are 100% similar to ToLCNDV isolated from chili in Italy and share the same clade with other ToLCNDV isolates from Mediterranean countries. These results indicated that ToLCNDV isolated from Pakistan in our study is a variant of the ToLCNDV India strain, genetically distant to ToLCNDV identified from Italy—a new isolate of ToLCNDV-ES strain
Among the begomoviruses reported across the world, ToLCNDV has high economic importance in horticultural production
Summary
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is a bipartite member of the genusBegomovirus belonging to Geminiviridae family. ToLCNDV was first identified in tomato from India around 25 years ago and subsequently distributed across the Indian subcontinent, East and Southeast Asia [1–4]. This virus only appeared in Asian countries until it was first reported in Mediterranean countries in 2012 rapidly spread through Europe [5–11]. ToLCNDV has caused serious problems affecting tomato production in the India subcontinent and cucurbit cultivation in the Mediterranean countries. This virus has been included as an alerting virus in the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization Plant alert list from 2017 to 2020. With the possibility of alternative types of transmission, many important crops production could suffer massive losses due to ToLCNDV infection
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