Abstract
Tomato is an economically crucial vegetable/fruit crop globally. Tomato is rich in nutrition and plays an essential role in a healthy human diet. Phenylpropanoid, a critical compound in tomatoes, reduces common degenerative and chronic diseases risk caused by oxidative stress. As an MYB transcription factor, ATMYB12 can increase phenylpropanoid content by activating phenylpropanoid synthesis related genes, such as PAL, C4H, 4CL, CHS. However, the heterologous expression of AtMYB12 in tomatoes can be altered through transgenic technologies, such as unstable expression vectors and promoters with different efficiency. In the current study, the efficiency of other fruit-specific promoters, namely E8S, 2A12, E4, and PG, were compared and screened, and we determined that the expression efficiency of AtMYB12 was driven by the E8S promoter was the highest. As a result, the expression of phenylpropanoid synthesis related genes was regulated by AtMYB12, and the phenylpropanoid accumulation in transgenic tomato fruits increased 16 times. Additionally, the total antioxidant capacity of fruits was measured through Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay, which was increased by 2.4 times in E8S transgenic lines. TEAC was positively correlated with phenylpropanoid content. Since phenylpropanoid plays a crucial role in the human diet, expressing AtMYB12 with stable and effective fruit-specific promoter E8S could improve tomato’s phenylpropanoid and nutrition content and quality. Our results can provide genetic resources for the subsequent improvement of tomato varieties and quality, which is significant for human health.
Highlights
Phenylpropanoid is a class of secondary metabolites synthesized from phenylalanine in plants, which mainly includes caffeoylquinic substances and flavonoids, such as caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs), quercetin, quercetin rutinoside, and kaempferol rutinoside [1,2,3]
In addition to flavonol synthesis, genes that are essential for CGA synthesis, namely C3H, hydroxycinnamoyl CoA quinate transferase (HQT), and hydroxycinnamoyl CoA shikimate/quinate transferase (HCT), were upregulated by AtMYB12 expression (Figure 3). These results revealed that fruit-specific promoters expression of AtMYB12 in tomatoes led to biosynthetic genes induction required for phenylpropanoid production
As the crucial secondary metabolites, phenylpropanoid plays an important role in h3u.mDainshceuasltshi.oInts biosynthesis is dominated by a highly complex process intimately related to regulating various genes and transcription factors, such as AtMYB12 in plants [2,3]
Summary
Phenylpropanoid is a class of secondary metabolites synthesized from phenylalanine in plants, which mainly includes caffeoylquinic substances and flavonoids, such as caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs), quercetin, quercetin rutinoside (rutin), and kaempferol rutinoside [1,2,3]. 1 diCQA, dicaffeoylquinic acid; 2 QueRut, quercetin rutinoside (rutin); 3 KaeRut, kaempferol rutinoside; 4 FW, fresh weight; 5 M82, wild type; 6 PE4A, Px6-E4::AtMYB12-expressing tomatoes. 1 diCQA, dicaffeoylquinic acid; 2 QueRut, quercetin rutinoside (rutin); 3 KaeRut, kaempferol rutinoside; 4 FW, fresh weight; 5 M82, wild type; 6 P2AA, Px6-2A12::AtMYB12-expressing tomatoes. As the crucial secondary metabolites, phenylpropanoid plays an important role in h3u.mDainshceuasltshi.oInts biosynthesis is dominated by a highly complex process intimately related to regulating various genes and transcription factors, such as AtMYB12 in plants [2,3]. The phenylpropanoid content was significantly positively correlated with the antioxidant capacity of phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, which are widely lates AtMYB12 expression Those results are consistent with the previous study.
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