Abstract
The aim of this paper is to determine which type of control loop is better for each particular type of standard voltage source inverter (VSI) load (static, dynamic, nonlinear rectifier resistive-capacitive RC load). A comparison of three different types of controllers for single-phase VSIs is presented. The first two are of the single input single output (SISO)/proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID) and coefficient diagram method (CDM) types, and the third is of the multi-input single output (MISO)/passivity-based control (PBC) type. The selections of the gains for SISO and MISO controllers are presented, including the problem in the choice of PBC controller gains caused by the imperfection of the pulse width modulation (PWM) modulator. For a standard nonlinear rectifier RC load, the new control quality factor (CQF) is defined to distinguish the properties of the controllers. The results show the superiority of the MISO-PBC controller for the RC load; however, for a linear dynamic load, the MISO-PBC performed worse than the SISO-PID or CDM. Therefore, the choice between either a simple and inexpensive SISO with one measurement trace or an expensive MISO with three measurement traces depends on the purpose of the VSI. The initial simulations and measurements of the experimental models are presented and discussed.
Highlights
There are many different types of control systems that are used in voltage source inverters (VSIs) for uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems
A comparison of single input single output (SISO)-proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID), SISO-coefficient diagram method (CDM), and multi-input single output (MISO)-passivity-based control (PBC)-IPBC2 systems showed that for the nonlinear rectifier RC load defined in the IEC 62040-3 standard [19], the best results were for the PBC-IPBC2 controller that had the gains adjusted after the initial simulations (Figures 5–7)
An analysis of the root locus (Figure 4a,b) showed that the voltage source inverter with the PBC-IPBC2 control should always be stable for any positive gains Ri and KV ; the simulations (Figures 5–7) and measurements of the experimental model showed that oscillations in the output voltage existed for the higher values of gains
Summary
There are many different types of control systems that are used in voltage source inverters (VSIs) for uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems. The solution can be a single input single output (SISO) system, in which only the output voltage is measured and controlled, while the output current is treated as an independent disturbance [1,2,3]. The output voltage has an influence on the output current, which creates an additional feedback loop. The distortion of the input DC voltage of the inverter that results from operating different types of DC/DC converters (e.g., impedance networks that cooperate with photovoltaic (PV) modules) should be considered [6,7]. A repetitive controller is a discrete-time harmonic generator [14] that is plugged into the outer feedback loop, which works perfectly in the steady state
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