Abstract
The goal of the present review is to give an overview of the current findings on various facets of body image disturbance in Binge Eating Disorder such as body dissatisfaction, overconcern with weight and shape, body-related checking and avoidance behavior, misperception of body size, and body-related cognitive bias. In addition, treatments for a disturbed body image in BED and evidence of body image disturbance in youth with binge eating are reviewed. The results show that a disturbed body image in BED is present in the form of overconcern with weight and shape. Furthermore, there are hints that body dissatisfaction, as well as body-related checking and avoidance behavior, are also impaired. Research concerning misperception of body size in BED has been neglected so far, but first findings show that individuals with BED rate their own body shape rather accurately. Furthermore, there are first hints that body-related cognitive biases are present in individuals with BED. Moreover, in children and adolescents, there are first hints that body dissatisfaction, as well as shape and weight concerns, seem to be associated with loss of control and binge eating. Treatments aimed directly at the convertibility of a disturbed body image in BED have revealed encouraging outcomes. In conclusion, body image disturbance seems to occur in BED, and first studies show that it can be treated effectively.
Highlights
In 1994, Binge Eating Disorder (BED) was first introduced as a research category in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV, [1])
The outcomes concerning body dissatisfaction point to higher levels of body dissatisfaction in individuals with BED compared to controls without eating disorders
Evidence is not explicitly clear, since some results indicate a link between a higher body mass index (BMI) and body dissatisfaction independent of BED symptomatology
Summary
In 1994, Binge Eating Disorder (BED) was first introduced as a research category in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV, [1]). According to the criteria of the DSM-5 [3], BED is defined by episodes of binge eating, during which large amounts of food are consumed within a certain time frame. The individual experiences a loss of control over the amount and quality of food and the ability to stop the binge eating episode. In contrast to other eating disorders, such as Bulimia Nervosa (BN) or the binge eating/purging subtype of Anorexia Nervosa (AN), BED does not comprise any compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, excessive sports, or Nutrients 2017, 9, 1294; doi:10.3390/nu9121294 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients
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