Abstract
Dried, fresh and glycolic extracts of Zingiber officinale were obtained to evaluate the action against G. mellonella survival assay against Enterococcus faecalis infection. Eighty larvae were divided into: 1) E. faecalis suspension (control); 2) E. faecalis + fresh extract of Z. officinale (FEO); 3) E. faecalis + dried extract of Z. officinale (DEO); 4) E. faecalis + glycolic extract of Z. officinale (GEO); 5) Phosphate buffered saline (PBS). For control group, a 5 μL inoculum of standardized suspension (107 cells/mL) of E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) was injected into the last left proleg of each larva. For the treatment groups, after E. faecalis inoculation, the extracts were also injected, but into the last right proleg. The larvae were stored at 37 °C and the number of dead larvae was recorded daily for 168 h (7 days) to analyze the survival curve. The larvae were considered dead when they did not show any movement after touching. E. faecalis infection led to the death of 85% of the larvae after 168 h. Notwithstanding, in treatment groups with association of extracts, there was an increase in the survival rates of 50% (GEO), 61% (FEO) and 66% (DEO) of the larvae. In all treatment groups, the larvae exhibited a survival increase with statistically significant difference in relation to control group (p=0.0029). There were no statistically significant differences among treatment groups with different extracts (p=0.3859). It may be concluded that the tested extracts showed antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis infection by increasing the survival of Galleria mellonella larvae.
Highlights
One of the endodontic treatment goals is to eliminate the infection within root canals and prevent postendodontic treatment reinfection
The treatment with different extracts of Z. officinale was effective in reducing in vivo infection in G. mellonella
There was no statistically significant difference among different extracts of Z. officinale showing similarity and effectiveness of different treatments (p=0.3859) (Fig. 2). This suggests that the different tested extracts showed antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis infection increasing the survival of larvae of G. mellonella when compared with control group
Summary
One of the endodontic treatment goals is to eliminate the infection within root canals and prevent postendodontic treatment reinfection. Bystrom and Sundqvist [1] showed that microorganisms can survive even after biomechanical preparation and Enterococcus faecalis (Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic coccus) has been frequently isolated in root canals exhibiting persistent post-endodontic treatment infections [2,3]. Zingiber officinale is a plant native to India and China, which has been largely employed as flavoring, in alcoholic beverages and in popular medicine. It has been extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat headaches, nausea, fever, arthritis, rheumatisms and muscle pains. Analyzing the active constituents of ginger, Lantz et al [10] verified that both gingerol and shogaol were capable of significantly inhibit the production of prostaglandins E2 induced by LPS from Escherichia coli. The extracts containing mainly gingerol had the capacity of inhibiting COX-2 production, while those containing shogaol did not show effect on COX-2
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