Abstract
Background: Bone hardness and strength depends on mineralization, which involves a complex process in which calcium phosphate, produced by bone-forming cells, was shed around the fibrous matrix. This process is strictly regulated, and a number of signal transduction systems were interested in calcium metabolism, such as the phosphoinositide (PI) pathway and related phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes. Objectives: Our aim was to search for common patterns of expression in osteoblasts, as well as in ES and SS. Methods: We analysed the PLC enzymes in human osteoblasts and osteosarcoma cell lines MG-63 and SaOS-2. We compared the obtained results to the expression of PLCs in samples of patients affected with Ewing sarcoma (ES) and synovial sarcoma (SS). Results: In osteoblasts, MG-63 cells and SaOS-2 significant differences were identified in the expression of PLC δ4 and PLC η subfamily isoforms. Differences were also identified regarding the expression of PLCs in ES and SS. Most ES and SS did not express PLCB1, which was expressed in most osteoblasts, MG-63 and SaOS-2 cells. Conversely, PLCB2, unexpressed in the cell lines, was expressed in some ES and SS. However, PLCH1 was expressed in SaOS-2 and inconstantly expressed in osteoblasts, while it was expressed in ES and unexpressed in SS. The most relevant difference observed in ES compared to SS regarded PLC ε and PLC η isoforms. Conclusion: MG-63 and SaOS-2 osteosarcoma cell lines might represent an inappropriate experimental model for studies about the analysis of signal transduction in osteoblasts
Highlights
Bone hardness and strength depends on mineralization, which involves a complex process in which calcium phosphate, produced by bone-forming cells, was shed around the fibrous matrix
Bone hardness and strength depend on mineralization, which involves a complex process in which bone-forming cells produce crystals of calcium phosphate, which were shed around the fibrous matrix
Research efforts were addressed to analyze the metabolism of bones and the signal transduction pathways involved in bone mineralization were actively studied [58,59,60,61], with special regard to the systems related to calcium metabolism [62]
Summary
Bone hardness and strength depends on mineralization, which involves a complex process in which calcium phosphate, produced by bone-forming cells, was shed around the fibrous matrix. This process is strictly regulated, and a number of signal transduction systems were interested in calcium metabolism, such as the phosphoinositide (PI) pathway and related phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes. Bone hardness and strength depend on mineralization, which involves a complex process in which bone-forming cells produce crystals of calcium phosphate, which were shed around the fibrous matrix. Bones represent the major calcium storage, and its capture from or release in the blood is regulated by a number of molecules, including hormones and vitamins
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