Abstract
BackgroundUrgency is a complaint of sudden, compelling desire to pass urine, which is difficult to defer, caused by involuntary contraction of the detrusor muscle during the bladder-filling stage. To enable detrusor inhibition, electrotherapy resources such as transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) and parasacral transcutaneous electrical stimulation (PTES) have been used. The objective this study is to publish the study protocol that aims to investigate whether urgency decreases after treatment with both of the techniques.MethodsThis randomized controlled clinical trial will include 99 women, aged more than 18 years old, with urgency (score ≥ 8 in the Overactive Bladder-Validated 8-Question Awareness Tool [OAB-V8]). Women will be randomly allocated into three groups: TTNS, PTES, and placebo. The following questionnaires will be applied: the Anamnesis Record, the Incontinence Questionnaire Overactive Bladder, the King’s Health Questionnaire, the 24-Hour Voiding Diary, and the OAB-V8, at four different time points: at baseline prior to the first session, at the 6th session, the 12th session and at follow-up. The current used for the transcutaneous electrical stimulation will be a symmetrical balanced biphasic pulsed current, for 12 sessions, twice a week, for 20 minutes. Qualitative variables will be displayed as frequency and percentage, quantitative variables as mean and standard deviation. Comparison of urgency severity among groups will be performed with a repeated measures ANOVA, considering the effect of the three groups and the four evaluations, and interactions among them.DiscussionThe present study aims to contribute evidence for a more in-depth discussion on electrode positioning for electrostimulation used in urgency treatment. It should be emphasized that, based on the possibility of confirming the hypothesis that urgency will decrease in a similar way after both treatments (TTNS and PTES), the PTES will be used as an option for positioning the electrodes alternatively to the tibial nerve region in special populations, such as amputees or people with severe lower limb sensory impairment.Trial registrationBrazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) ID: RBR-9rf33n, date of registration: 17 May 2018.
Highlights
The International Continence Society defines urinary incontinence (UI) as any involuntary loss of urine [1, 2] and is classified as urinary stress incontinence, urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), and mixed urinary incontinence [3]
Evaluation tools After the participants sign the Informed Consent Term (ICT), an investigator will apply validated questionnaires that measure the severity of the overactive bladder (OAB) (Overactive Bladder – Validated 8- Question Awareness Tool; Overactive Bladder – Validated 8-Question Awareness Tool (OAB-V8)) and UUI (Incontinence Questionnaire Overactive Bladder; ICIQ-OAB), and quality of life, the history of urgency and urinary incontinence (King’s Health Questionnaire; KHQ)
As options for answers, there are six variations “Never; Almost nothing; A little; Enough; A lot, and Very Much”. The score of this instrument is calculated through the sum of the questions, and can vary from 0 to 40 points; if the result is 8 or more than 8, it is indicative of OAB [28]
Summary
The International Continence Society defines urinary incontinence (UI) as any involuntary loss of urine [1, 2] and is classified as urinary stress incontinence, urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), and mixed urinary incontinence [3]. UUI occurs due to a contraction of the detrusor muscle at the bladder filling stage, with urine loss, accompanied or preceded by urgency [4]. With regard to UUI, it is associated with a significant and clinically important decrease in health-related quality of life (QoL) [8, 9]. Urgency is a complaint of sudden, compelling desire to pass urine, which is difficult to defer, caused by involuntary contraction of the detrusor muscle during the bladder-filling stage. The objective this study is to publish the study protocol that aims to investigate whether urgency decreases after treatment with both of the techniques
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