Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of thermophilic microbiological inoculation alone (TA) and integrated with biochar (TB) on the physicochemical characteristics and bacterial communities in pig manure (PM) composting with wheat straw. Both TA and TB accelerated the rate of temperature increase during the PM composting. TA significantly reduced total nitrogen loss by 18.03% as opposed to TB which significantly accelerated total organic carbon degradation by 12.21% compared with the control. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the major phyla in composting. Variation of the relative abundance of genera depended on the composting period and treatment. The genera Lactobacillus (26.88–46.71%) and Clostridium_sensu_stricto (9.03–31.69%) occupied a superior position in the temperature rise stage, and Bacillus (30.90–36.19%) was outstanding in the cooling stage. Temperature, total nitrogen (TN), and ammonium nitrogen significantly influenced the bacterial phyla composition. TN, water content, and nitrite nitrogen were the main drivers of the bacterial community genera. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that microbiological consortia were resistant to high temperatures and could fix nitrogen for enriched Pseudomonas; however, when interacted with biochar, total organic carbon (TOC) degradation was accelerated for higher bacterial richness and diversity as well as overrepresented Corynebacterium.
Highlights
A rapid increase in the demand for pork products has resulted in the production of large amounts of pig manure (PM) in China
The results showed that thermophilic microbiological inoculation alone (TA) and treatment B (TB) both accelerated the rate of temperature increase
The temperature remained above 50◦C for 14 days in TA and TB, and for 10 days in CK
Summary
A rapid increase in the demand for pork products has resulted in the production of large amounts of pig manure (PM) in China. PM contains harmful substances, such as heavy metals, unfavorable odors, parasites, and pathogens, which pose potential risks to the environment and public health, especially with improper treatment and application (Ravindran et al, 2019; Awasthi et al, 2020a). PM contains high amounts of organic matter and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), making it a valuable resource. It should be handled and managed properly before being applied to farmland as an organic fertilizer. Aerobic composting is an important resource utilization process for organic waste. It is a complex biodegradation of a mixture of solid substrates conducted by microbial community composed of various populations under aerobic conditions (Maheshwari, 2014). Traditional composting has been proved to be a slow process of decomposition
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