Different Effects of Maternal Low-Isoflavone Soy Protein and Genistein Consumption on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism of 21-Day-Old Male Rat Offspring.

Anna Han,Young Kwon,Sae Won

doi:10.3390/nu9091039

Anna Han, Young Kwon + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9091039

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Abstract

Amino acid composition and isoflavone are alleged contributors to the beneficial effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) on lipid metabolism. Therefore, we investigated the contributing component(s) of SPI in a maternal diet to the regulation of lipid metabolism in offspring. We also determined serum parameters in dams to investigate specific maternal cues that might be responsible for this regulation. Female rats were fed either a casein (CAS), a low-isoflavone SPI, or a casein plus genistein (GEN, 250 mg/kg) diet for two weeks before mating, as well as during pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring (CAS, SPI and GEN groups) were studied 21 days after birth. The SPI group had lower serum triglyceride levels than the other groups. Serum cholesterol was reduced in both the SPI and GEN groups compared with the CAS group. Expressions of target genes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α were altered in the SPI group. Serum aromatic amino acid levels in dams were associated with serum triglyceride in offspring. In conclusion, the maternal consumption of a low-isoflavone SPI diet or a casein diet containing genistein has different effects on the lipid metabolism of their offspring; however, more profound effects were observed in the SPI group. Therefore, the altered lipid metabolism of offspring may be attributed to amino acid composition in maternal dietary protein sources.

Highlights

Several studies in humans and experimental animals have demonstrated that the early life environments may alter overall homeostatic regulatory mechanisms, thereby playing a critical role in influencing the susceptibility of offspring to the later development of certain diseases, as well as fetal programming [1]
Total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were significantly lower in dams fed an soy protein isolate (SPI) diet compared with those in dams fed a CAS diet
To investigate the related maternal factors determining the lipid metabolism of offspring, investigated the association between the serum biochemical parameters of dams and the we investigated the association between the serum biochemical parameters of dams and the anthropometrical and serum biochemical parameters of offspring

Summary

Introduction

Several studies in humans and experimental animals have demonstrated that the early life environments may alter overall homeostatic regulatory mechanisms, thereby playing a critical role in influencing the susceptibility of offspring to the later development of certain diseases, as well as fetal programming [1]. It has been shown that the consumption of a soy protein diet reduces serum triglyceride and cholesterol in rats [4,5]. Soy isoflavone has been shown to alleviate metabolic diseases by reducing serum and hepatic lipid levels [6]. Exposure to dietary soy protein isolate (SPI) with isoflavone throughout the in utero, neonatal, and adult periods reduced hepatosteatosis compared with casein [7]. The maternal consumption of genistein or daidzein during pregnancy and lactation was reported to reduce the width to length ratio of myocytes, which may be related to the cardioprotective effects on their offspring during adulthood [8], most previous studies have investigated only the effect of supplementary genistein in a casein-based diet

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