Different dietary fibers unequally remodel gut microbiota and charge up anti-obesity effects

Abstract

Supplementation of certain bioactive dietary fibers could alleviate obesity induced by a high-fat diet, whereas whether the responses of different polysaccharides are consistent remains unclear. Consequently, we selected ten representative types of bioactive dietary fibers, including β-glucan, arabinoxylan, glucomannan, xanthan gum, guar gum, apple pectin, carrageenan, arabinogalactan, inulin, xylan and compared their anti-obesity effects through combining the physiology, genomics, and metabolomics with the obese rat model. We found that supplementation with β-glucan, arabinoxylan, xanthan gum, guar gum, apple pectin, carrageenan, inulin and xylan significantly reduced the bodyweight and dyslipidemia, whereas glucomannan and arabinogalactan did not affect serum lipids and bodyweight control in obese rats, respectively. Besides, apple pectin, β-glucan and arabinoxylan improved the greater biomarkers (15, 17 and 18 kinds) which were relevant to obesity, and the bioactive dietary fibers associated with elevated glycerophospholipids levels and regulation of glycerophospholipid metabolism. Moreover, the abundance of beneficial bacteria Akkermansia, Butyricimonas, Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, Prevotella were enriched by dietary fibers with various degrees, furthering exhibited benefits on obesity. It was also found that increased Butyricimonas (including glucomannan, xanthan gum, guar gum, xylan, apple pectin, arabinogalactan) and Prevotella (except for xanthan gum and inulin) showed negative with dyslipidemia factors notably (TC, TG, LDL-C), positive with glycerophospholipids (like phosphatidylcholine), therefore promoted the improvement of host metabolism and relief in dyslipidemia. In brief, our study revealed that different dietary fibers have an impact on gut microbiota then mediating metabolic benefits in obese rats, and these interactions could be considered as targets for diet personalized.