Different concentration influence of Moringa oleifera leaf aqueous extract immersion against Argulus japonicus egg damage

Abstract

Argulus japonicus is an ectoparasite that invades freshwater fish, causing ulceration and bleeding, besides opening the secondary infections access for bacteria, fungi, viruses and triggering fish death. A. japonicus efficient control can be done by cutting the ectoparasite life cycle, specifically the egg stage, using natural insecticide. One of the natural insecticides is M. oleifera leaves as it has phytochemical contents, i.e., tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and toxic saponins for eggs A. japonicus. The study aimed to analyze the immersion effect of M, oleifera leaf aqueous extract under different concentrations against A. japonicus egg damage and determine the optimal concentration of M. oleifera leaf aqueous extract that significantly damaged A. japonicus egg until 100%. This study used four aqueous extract treatment, namely 0% (A), 4% (B), 6% (C), and 8% (D) with five times repetitions. The results showed that each treatment had significant influence against A. japonicus egg damage (P < 0.05). The lowest A. japonicus egg damage was found at A treatment, while the highest was at D treatment. M. oleifera leaf aqueous extract can be utilized as a natural insecticide to disrupt the egg phase of A. japonicus with 8% concentration in aqueous extract.