Abstract
Transplantation is a cultivation mode widely applied in perennial plant growing. This method might be an effective way to alleviate problems associated with continuous cultivation (4–6 years) in ginseng production, but the alleviating mechanism and effects on soil microbial community is unclear. To study this issue, non-transplanted 2-year-old, and 5-year-old (transplantation mode: 2 + 3) and 9-year-old (transplantation mode: 3 + 3 + 3) ginseng rhizosphere soils were analyzed via MiSeq sequencing. The results showed that 9-year-old ginseng rhizosphere soil had lower available nitrogen and the lowest pH, available phosphorus, observed species and community diversity and richness (Chao1, and ACE) among all samples (p < 0.05). The abundances of some bacterial classes (Thermoleophilia, Bacilli, and Nitrospira) and fungal genera (Mortierella, Epicoccum, and Penicillium spp.) and functional richness associated with nutrient element cycles and antifungal activity decreased, while abundances of some fungal genera (Ilyonectria, Tetracladium, and Leptodontidium spp.) increased with increasing age of ginseng plants (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). However, there was greater similarity between soil samples of 2-year-old and transplanted 5-year-old ginseng plants and the increase in cultivation time from 2 to 5 years did not significantly influence the microbial community, suggesting that transplantation is a viable strategy for suppressing soil-borne diseases in Panax ginseng plants over long growth periods.
Highlights
Soil sickness causes a reduction in crop yield and a prevalence of soil borne diseases, and it is a negative plant-soil feedback with the same crop growing on the same soil successively (Huang et al, 2013)
Ginseng plants grow better when cultivated in slightly acidic soils, a highly acidic soil could restrain ginseng growth by shaping the microbial community (You et al, 2015; Zhou et al, 2015)
The relative abundances of some fungal genera (Mortierella and Epicoccum spp.; which preferentially grow in slightly acidic soils) decreased, and other fungal genera (Ilyonectria, Tetracladium, and Leptodontidium spp.), preferring highly acidic soils, increased after the soil pH decreased, which could affect the growth of ginseng plants
Summary
Soil sickness causes a reduction in crop yield and a prevalence of soil borne diseases, and it is a negative plant-soil feedback with the same crop growing on the same soil successively (Huang et al, 2013). Rhizosphere Microbial in Transplantation Mode bioactive constituents in ginseng root tends to increase with cultivation age (Shi et al, 2007; Li et al, 2014a). It takes at least 5–6 years before ginseng is ready to be harvested (Ying et al, 2012). The risks for soil-borne diseases increase over longer periods of cultivation, and these factors have severe negative effects on the yield and quality of ginseng (Ying et al, 2012; Li et al, 2014b)
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