Abstract
This chapter examines Sino-Soviet divergences in domestic and foreign policies during 1957–1959. In the wake of the Twentieth Congress, Mao projected that China would develop faster and better along the socialist road than the Soviet Union. Khrushchev’s criticism of Mao’s disastrous Great Leap Forward and the People’s Communes reflected serious Sino-Soviet divergences on domestic policy. During this period, several incidents, in particular the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) shelling of Jinmen, resulted in Khrushchev’s decision to scrap up the Sino-Soviet agreement and to suspend the previous agreement to provide China with sample nuclear bombs and related technical materials. The Soviet declaration of neutrality in the Sino-Indian border conflict in 1959 further worsened the relationship between the two Communist allies. The Sino-Soviet alliance was on the brink of rupture.
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