Abstract
Attention Restoration Theory argues that natural objects such as trees and flowers have psychological restoration effects. However, relevant studies have been mostly based on survey methods, and few of them suggest guidelines for restoration environments. This study, therefore, aims to verify the restorative effect of natural objects using eye-tracking methods and a survey regarding visual aesthetics, complexity, and the Perceived Restorativeness Scale, as well 25 various images divided into 4 types: natural scene and close view, natural scene and distant view, built scene and close view, and built scene and distant view. The analysis showed that natural scenes had a stronger positive restorative effect compared to built scenes regardless of differences in the distance. In terms of the overall landscape composition, visual characteristics such as visual aesthetics and complexity had a statistically significant relationship with restorative effect. Additionally, an eye-tracking method was found to be a valid and useful tool for studying the restorative environments by significant differences in the scan path length depending on the four types of landscape images. This study ultimately provides an overview regarding restorative design guidelines not only by using natural elements but also by considering landscape composition in terms of complexity, openness, and so on.
Highlights
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a “state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease of infirmity”
In particular, has become considerably more prevalent recently because of overwork, genetic effects, surrounding environment, and so on. Among these causes, surrounding environments such as built scenes mostly caused by urban development have been an important focus of space design research as many studies [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] have shown that green infrastructures such as natural elements have a positive effect on reducing human stress in city dwellers
Several researchers [60,61] have shown the value of landscape evaluation using photographs and so on, but landscape preferences rated with questionnaires could be influenced by people’s subjective personality traits
Summary
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a “state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease of infirmity”. In particular, has become considerably more prevalent recently because of overwork, genetic effects, surrounding environment, and so on Among these causes, surrounding environments such as built scenes mostly caused by urban development have been an important focus of space design research as many studies [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] have shown that green infrastructures such as natural elements have a positive effect on reducing human stress in city dwellers. By applying the eye-tracking method that can track people’s unconscious eye movement to verify the restorative effect, we demonstrated the possibility of utilizing the eye-tracking method as a tool to evaluate the restorative effect
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