Differences in tibiocalcaneal kinematics measured with skin- and shoe-mounted markers

Abstract

PurposeThe aim of the current investigation was to compare the 3-D tibiocalcaneal kinematics between skin- and shoe-mounted markers.MethodsEleven male participants ran at 4.0m/s ± 5% along a 22 m runway. Tibiocalcaneal kinematics were captured simultaneously using markers placed externally on the shoe and on the skin through windows cut in the shoe. Paired t-tests were used to compare the 3-D kinematic parameters, and intraclass correlations were employed to contrast the kinematic waveforms.ResultsStrong correlations were observed between the waveforms at <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> 0.85. However, foot movements such as eversion range of motion, peak eversion, peak transverse plane range of motion, velocity of external rotation and peak eversion velocity were all significantly underestimated using shoe-mounted markers.ConclusionsThe results indicate that shoe-mounted markers do not fully represent true foot movement.