Abstract
ObjectiveChildren who fail to meet activity, sleep, and screen‐time guidelines are at increased risk for obesity. Further, children who are Black are more likely to have obesity when compared to children who are White, and children from low‐income households are at increased risk for obesity when compared to children from higher‐income households. The objective of this study was to evaluate the proportion of days meeting obesogenic behavior guidelines during the school year compared to summer vacation by race and free/reduced priced lunch (FRPL) eligibility.MethodsMixed‐effects linear and logistic regressions estimated the proportion of days participants met activity, sleep, and screen‐time guidelines during summer and school by race and FRPL eligibility within an observational cohort sample.ResultsChildren (n = 268, grades = K − 4, 44.1%FRPL, 59.0% Black) attending three schools participated. Children's activity, sleep, and screen‐time were collected during an average of 23 school days and 16 days during summer vacation. During school, both children who were White and eligible for FRPL met activity, sleep, and screen‐time guidelines on a greater proportion of days when compared to their Black and non‐eligible counterparts. Significant differences in changes from school to summer in the proportion of days children met activity (−6.2%, 95CI = −10.1%, −2.3%; OR = 0.7, 95CI = 0.6, 0.9) and sleep (7.6%, 95CI = 2.9%, 12.4%; OR = 2.1, 95CI = 1.4, 3.0) guidelines between children who were Black and White were observed. Differences in changes in activity (−8.5%, 95CI = −4.9%, −12.1%; OR = 1.5, 95CI = 1.3, 1.8) were observed between children eligible versus uneligible for FRPL.ConclusionsSummer vacation may be an important time for targeting activity and screen‐time of children who are Black and/or eligible for FRPL.
Highlights
There is growing evidence that the socioeconomic status of a child's family is a key risk factor for becoming obese.[1,2] Compelling evidence exists that school‐aged children[3,4,5,6,7] and adults[8,9] from low‐income families are at elevated risk for obesity
It is hypothesized that (1) during the summer all children will meet physical activity, sleep, and screen‐time guidelines on fewer days than during the school year, and (2) children who are eligible for free/reduced priced lunch (FRPL) and children who are Black will experience greater declines in the number of days that they meet physical activity, sleep, and screen‐time guidelines than children who are not eligible for FRPL and children who are White
This study presents obesogenic behavior data from school years (2017–2018, 2018–2019) and summers (2018, 2019)
Summary
There is growing evidence that the socioeconomic status of a child's family is a key risk factor for becoming obese.[1,2] Compelling evidence exists that school‐aged children[3,4,5,6,7] and adults[8,9] from low‐income families are at elevated risk for obesity. The Health Gap Hypothesis posits that children from low‐income households and children who are Black have relatively less access to structured summer programming (e.g., summer camps) than their middle‐to‐high income and White counterparts due to financial barriers and insufficient community resources.[30] summer may disproportionately impact the health behaviors of children from low‐ income and Black households and lead to greater accelerated summer BMI gain in these children. It is hypothesized that (1) during the summer all children will meet physical activity, sleep, and screen‐time guidelines on fewer days than during the school year, and (2) children who are eligible for FRPL and children who are Black will experience greater declines in the number of days that they meet physical activity, sleep, and screen‐time guidelines than children who are not eligible for FRPL and children who are White
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