Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to compare the horizontal and vertical force-velocity profile between female sprinters and hurdlers. Twelve high-level athletes (6 sprinters and 6 hurdlers) participated in this investigation. The testing procedures consisted of two maximal 40-m sprints and five to six vertical jumps with additional loads. For the sprint-acceleration performance, the velocity-time data, recorded by a high-speed camera, was used to calculate the variables of the horizontal F-V profile (theoretical maximal values of force [HZT-F0], velocity [HZT-V0], power [HZT-Pmax], the proportion of the theoretical maximal effectiveness of force application in the antero-posterior direction [RFmax], and the rate of decrease in the ratio of horizontal force [DRF]). The best trial of each vertical jumping condition, obtained by an optical measurement system, was used to determine the components of the vertical F-V profile (theoretical maximal values of force [VTC-F0], velocity [VTC-V0], and power [VTC-Pmax]). The female sprinters showed higher statistical differences for HZT-Pmax (2.46 ± 0.67, d = 2.1, p = 0.004), HZT-V0 (0.45 ± 0.18, d = 1.4, p = 0.03), and RFmax% (2.9 ± 0.9%, d = 1.8, p = 0.01) than female hurdlers. No statistical differences were observed for HZT-F0 (0.69 ± 0.3, d = 1.15, p = 0.07), DRF% (−0.24 ± 0.4%, d = 0.3, p = 0.62), VTC-F0 (−2.1 ± 3.8, d = 0.3, p = 0.59), VTC-V0 (0.25 ± 0.31, d = 0.5, p = 0.45), and VTC-Pmax (1.75 ± 2.5, d = 0.4, p = 0.5). Female sprinters are able to apply higher horizontally-oriented forces onto the ground during the acceleration phase than female hurdlers.
Highlights
Sprinting is a cyclic locomotion depended on the mechanical forces produced through the action of the neuromuscular system
The horizontal force-velocitypower (F-V-P) profile is described by the theoretical maximal values of force (HZT-F0), velocity (HZT-V0), and power (HZTPmax), the proportion of the theoretical maximal effectiveness of force application in the anterior-posterior direction (RFmax in %) and the rate of decrease in the ratio of horizontal force as the velocity increases over the entire acceleration phase (DRF in % s·m−1)
12 high-level female athletes, 6 sprinters (Mean ± standard deviation (SD): age 23.5 ± 3.0 years; stature 1.67 ± 0.07 m; weight 60.1 ± 2.0 kg; personal best in 100-m sprint running performance 11.76 ± 0.2 s), and 6 hurdlers who participated in the finals of their events during the national championship, gave their written informed consent to participate in this study, which was approved by the local ethical committee, and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki
Summary
Sprinting is a cyclic locomotion depended on the mechanical forces produced through the action of the neuromuscular system. Force-Velocity Profile in Sprinting Events short time as possible while clearing barriers In both events, during the acceleration phase, athletes try to generate high levels of horizontal ground-reaction force (GRF), and apply it with effectiveness onto the ground, despite increasing velocity (Morin et al, 2011). The horizontal and vertical profiles allow to accurately evaluate force, velocity and power developed by lower limbs during sprint running acceleration and loaded squat jumps (SJ) (Morin and Samozino, 2016). Both horizontal and vertical F-V-P profile could provide a deeper insight into the maximal mechanical properties and function of the lower-body muscles. The F-V-P profile is able to distinguish differences in the mechanical properties of athletes from different sports, levels of practice, playing positions, age, and sex (Buchheit et al, 2014; Cross et al, 2015; Slawinski et al, 2017; Alcazar et al, 2018; Jiménez-Reyes et al, 2018a,b; Haugen et al, 2019)
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