Abstract
Background: In recent years, there has been a shift in the clinical presentation and, hence, diagnostic definitions of eating disorders (EDs), reflected in a dramatic change in the diagnostic criteria of EDs in the DSM-5. The Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) is currently considered an accepted instrument for community studies of EDs, although it features an inconsistent factorial structure in different cultures. Therefore, it is essential to investigate whether the EAT-26 can still be considered an adequate instrument for identifying the risk of developing EDs in different cultures. The aim of the present study was to examine the construct validity and internal consistency of the EAT-26. Method: The study used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) among different cultural populations in Israel. Results: Findings indicated different factors in different ethnic groups, most of which do not correspond with the original EAT-26 three-factor structure. Results: The analysis yielded two main factors among Israeli Jews, four main factors among Israeli Muslim Arabs, and three main factors among Israeli Christian Arabs. Conclusion: These findings shed light on cultural factors affecting perceptions of the EAT-26 items. This calls for a reconsideration of the generalization of the original three-factor structure of the questionnaire in different cultures.
Highlights
In the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), we assessed the constructs of the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) among nonclinical Israeli participants
The model showed a poor fit to the observed data, χ2 (598) = 3197.67, p < 0.001, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.92, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.87, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.07, SRMR = 0.07, indicating that the EAT-26 dieting, bulimia and food preoccupation, and oral control clusters do not feature the same items across the three groups
The EAT-26 consists of 26 items and three subscales: Dieting, bulimia and food preoccupation, and oral control
Summary
The Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) is currently considered an accepted instrument for community studies of EDs, it features an inconsistent factorial structure in different cultures. It is essential to investigate whether the EAT-26 can still be considered an adequate instrument for identifying the risk of developing EDs in different cultures. Method: The study used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) among different cultural populations in Israel. Results: Findings indicated different factors in different ethnic groups, most of which do not correspond with the original EAT-26 three-factor structure. Conclusion: These findings shed light on cultural factors affecting perceptions of the EAT-26 items. This calls for a reconsideration of the generalization of the original three-factor structure of the questionnaire in different cultures
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