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Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are a unique type of interstitial cells with specific, extremely long prolongations named telopodes (Tps). Our previous study showed that TCs are distinct from fibroblasts (Fbs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as concerns gene expression and proteomics. The present study explores patterns of mouse TC-specific gene profiles on chromosome 1. We investigated the network of main genes and the potential functional correlations. We compared gene expression profiles of mouse pulmonary TCs, MSCs, Fbs, alveolar type II cells (ATII), airway basal cells (ABCs), proximal airway cells (PACs), CD8+ T cells from bronchial lymph nodes (T-BL) and CD8+ T cells from lungs (T-LL). The functional and feature networks were identified and compared by bioinformatics tools. Our data showed that on TC chromosome 1, there are about 25% up-regulated and 70% down-regulated genes (more than onefold) as compared with the other cells respectively. Capn2, Fhl2 and Qsox1 were over-expressed in TCs compared to the other cells, indicating that biological functions of TCs are mainly associated with morphogenesis and local tissue homoeostasis. TCs seem to have important roles in the prevention of tissue inflammation and fibrogenesis development in lung inflammatory diseases and as modulators of immune cell response. In conclusion, TCs are distinct from the other cell types.
Highlights
alveolar type II cells (ATII), airway basal cells (ABCs), proximal airway cells (PACs), T cells from bronchial lymph nodes (T-BL) and TLL gene expression profiles were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE6846, GSE27379, GSE28651) [33]
Gene expression array data showed that 14 genes (Ralb, Igsf8, Sdpr, Csrp1, Uck2, Rab3gap2, Arpc2, Nav1, Psmd1, Tagln2, Tpp2, calpain 2 (Capn2), four and a half LIM domains 2 (Fhl2), Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (Qsox1)) in chromosome 1 of TCs were up-regulated (> 1 fold), as compared with the other cells (Table 1)
Capn2, Fhl2 and Qsox1, were over-expressed in TCs compared with the other cells
Summary
Telocytes (TCs) have been identified in multiple tissues/organs, including heart, liver, kidneys, uterus, skin, intestine, trachea, lungs and others [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20], as a unique type of cell, different from Fbs and fibroblast-like cells [21]. There is still a challenge to determine and develop TC-specific biomarker(s) useful for TCs identification in tissues/organs, as the features of TCs are obvious only by transmission a 2014 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine. The immunophenotypical and electrophysiological features and the specific microRNA signatures of TCs were explored [10, 14, 21, 27, 28]
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