Abstract
Combat sports have a great interest in society and among professional sports. They are an important group of sports in the Olympic Games, but the strategies carried out by athletes to reduce body weight for weighing day, is famously known, suffering the adverse physical and psychological effects of rapid weight loss. This could compromise not only the performance, but the health and development of young athletes. A total of 22 elite male judokas (18.05 ± 1.05 years old) were evaluated during four different competitions in one season; the variables of body weight, water levels, and lean and fat mass were measured by bioimpedance (BIA), (Tanita BC545N) during one season. Using the linear mixed model test, we found significant differences in bodyweight variable during the competitions 3–4. The water level variable showed significant differences in all competitions, except for 2–4. Body mass index was significantly different in all competitions, being higher in the later competitions, except between competitions 1–2 and 2–3. Judokas participate in weight loss methods for their weigh-in days. Furthermore, the age at which the athletes reduced their water levels are worrisome. These results could be used to create healthy programs, especially in elite judokas, in order to carry out strategies before, during, and after competitions with weight loss and controlled water levels increasing future performance and health.
Highlights
Combat sports represent 25% of Olympic medals, athletes are classified according to their weight in these sports
Wrestlers were divided into groups, depending on their hydration levels, and it was concluded that the levels of inflammation and markers of muscle damage
The results show that there are differences between hydration levels, which are more marked in the first week and less marked at later points in time, but there is a significant difference in water levels over time
Summary
Combat sports represent 25% of Olympic medals, athletes are classified according to their weight in these sports. It is difficult to discourage athletes from these practices, but they can be made aware, if there is evidence that such practices could affect their muscular functioning [3]. To explain this muscular damage, studies have been carried out on elite fighters and in healthy elite and amateur athletes who were evaluated after intensive exercise until muscular exhaustion, causing an elevation of cardiac biomarkers in 62% of the subjects like troponin, a possible indicator of heart damage, acute coronary syndrome, or even infarction [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. Public Health 2020, 17, 2853; doi:10.3390/ijerph17082853 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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