Abstract
Objectives: Sleep disturbances are prevalent problems among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons. The recognition of comorbid sleep disorders in patients with HIV is currently hampered by limited knowledge of sleep-related symptoms, sleep architecture, and types of sleep disorders in this population. We aimed to compare the differences in sleep-related symptoms and polysomnography-based sleep disorders between HIV-infected persons and controls. Methods: The study evaluated 170 men with a Pittsburgh sleep quality index scores greater than 5, including 44 HIV-infected men and 126 male controls who were frequency-matched by sex, age (±3.0 years) and BMI (±3.0 kg/m2). For all participants, an overnight sleep study using a Somte V1 monitor was conducted. Differences in sleep-related symptoms and sleep disorders between HIV-infected patients and controls were examined using t-tests or chi-square tests. Results: HIV-infected persons with sleep disturbances more often had psychological disturbances (72.7% vs. 40.5%, p < 0.001) and suspected rapid eye movement behavior disorder (25.0% vs. 4.8%, p < 0.01) than controls. Sleep-disordered breathing was less common in HIV-infected persons than in controls (56.8% vs. 87.3%, p < 0.001). The mean percentage of rapid eye movement sleep was higher among HIV-infected patients than among controls (20.6% vs. 16.6%, p < 0.001). Nocturia was more common in HIV-infected persons than in controls (40.9% vs. 22.2%, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Psychological disturbances and sleep-disordered breathing can be possible explanations of sleep disturbances in HIV-infected persons in whom sleep-disordered breathing is notable. Further studies are warranted to examine the underlying factors of rapid eye movement behavior disorder among HIV-infected persons with sleep disturbances.
Highlights
Sleep disturbances are a highly prevalent problem among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
It is important to understand that antiretroviral therapy patients living with HIV suffer from specific types of sleep disorders
We observed that psychological disturbances and sleep-disordered breathing were more prevalent in HIV-infected persons with sleep disturbances
Summary
Sleep disturbances are a highly prevalent problem among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Almost half of HIV-infected persons worldwide experience sleep disturbances [1]. In Taiwan, HIV-infected persons have been shown to exhibit a higher risk of developing sleep disturbances than the general population and have a 20% higher risk of sleep disturbances than cancer patients [2]. It is important to understand that antiretroviral therapy patients living with HIV suffer from specific types of sleep disorders. We found that sleep disorders among HIV-infected persons do not appear to have been comprehensively explored, but these studies have focused only on insomnia [9] or sleep apnea [10,11,12,13,14]
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