Abstract
BackgroundAsthma is a disease characterised by hyper responsiveness and bronchoconstriction of airways, and is a major health burden globally. A dysfunction of the oxidant-antioxidant balance, termed oxidative stress, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of asthma. The present study aims to assess the changes in oxidative stress markers, namely nitric oxide metabolites and antioxidant capacity, in children with poorly controlled and well controlled asthma, in comparison to healthy controls.MethodsThe present study enrolled 72 children (ages 5-15 years) classified into three groups: (1) poorly controlled asthma (n = 20), (2) well controlled asthma (n = 24) and (3) healthy controls (n = 27). An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to record socio-demographic data of the participants. The serum concentrations of the oxidant markers (nitrite, nitrate and total nitric oxide metabolites [NOx]) were determined using the Griess test, and the total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) was determined using the ABTS decolorisation method. The concentrations of these markers were compared across the three groups.ResultsThe three study groups were similar in terms of socio-demographic data. The differences across the three groups were statistically significant for serum concentrations of nitrate and NOx (but not nitrite) and serum TAOC. Further analyses showed that the disparity for nitrate and NOx concentrations was greatest between poorly controlled asthma and healthy controls (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001) compared to the well-controlled asthmatics and healthy controls (p = 0.036 and p = 0.049). A significant difference in serum nitrate and NOx concentrations was not observed between the two asthma groups (p = 0.311 and 0.203). The TAOC were significantly lower in poorly controlled asthmatics as compared to well-controlled asthmatics (p = 0.003) and healthy controls (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the serum TAOC between healthy controls and well-controlled asthmatics (p = 0.496). These findings may indicate that it is perhaps the higher TAOC that contributes to the well controlled state of asthma.ConclusionsThe present study indicated that an imbalance of oxidants and antioxidants in the serum may have an underlying role in asthma pathophysiology, and how these markers may be effective in asthma management.
Highlights
Asthma is a disease characterised by hyper responsiveness and bronchoconstriction of airways, and is a major health burden globally
Considering differences in co-morbidities between poorly and well controlled asthmatic children, except for higher number of allergic rhinitis in former, there were no significant difference in food or drug allergy, eczema or obesity
The results have clearly demonstrated that the concentrations of serum nitrate and N Ox, two biomarkers for oxidative stress, were significantly elevated in patients with asthma regardless of the level of disease control compared to healthy, non-asthmatic children
Summary
Asthma is a disease characterised by hyper responsiveness and bronchoconstriction of airways, and is a major health burden globally. A dysfunction of the oxidant-antioxidant balance, termed oxidative stress, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of asthma. The present study aims to assess the changes in oxidative stress markers, namely nitric oxide metabolites and antioxidant capacity, in children with poorly controlled and well controlled asthma, in comparison to healthy controls. There has been an interest in the role of oxidant-antioxidant balance (oxidative stress) in the pathophysiology of asthma. Oxidative stress arises from an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) accompanied by a depletion of the antioxidant defense mechanisms [16]. The persistent and intermittently exacerbated inflammation is accompanied by overproduction of ROS and RNS, which may contribute to the promotion and persistence of the airway inflammation in asthma [23]
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