Abstract
Objective: To determine if there are differences in protein profiles in saliva depending if children of caries-free versus caries affected. Material and Methods: A cohort of 91 children with ages between 6 and 19 years, along clinical status of caries experience. Protein profiles in saliva were determined using electrophoresis and the calculation of the percentage of a specific band at a specific molecular weight in relationship to the total protein in that sample (% of total) using molecular weight standards. This quantification was repeated for each protein band across a range of molecular weights for each sample . Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and Student t-tests were used to compare the distributions between caries-free and caries affected children ( α =0.05). Results: Histatin was more likely to be non-detectable or reduced in caries-free children (OR=7.56; 95% CI 1.62-35.13) and these children had on average one less gel band detected by the assay we used . Conclusion: We have found differences in proteins between caries affected and caries-free children, suggesting that this line of investigation holds the promise of providing new tools for caries management.
Highlights
Blood has been the substance of choice for diagnostics
Histatin was more likely to be non-detectable or reduced in caries-free children (OR=7.56; 95% CI 1.62-35.13) and these children had on average one less gel band detected by the assay we used
We have found differences in proteins between caries affected and caries-free children, suggesting that this line of investigation holds the promise of providing new tools for caries management
Summary
Obtaining saliva has the advantage of being non-invasive in nature and saliva has been explored as a potential source for discriminating, detecting, and monitoring biomarkers. Published evidence suggests the identification of peptides in saliva may become a tool for determining disease risk and activity. Except for Sjögren’s syndrome, most studies of the same disease are conflicting in regard to the suggested saliva biomarkers [1]. Levels of statherin (a protein that prevents precipitation of calcium phosphate) and a truncated cystatin S (a proteinase inhibitor) missing the first eight N-terminal amino acids showed inversed correlation with dental caries experience [2]. Dental caries biofilm composition and protein relative abundance in the presence and absence of sucrose showed promising results related to changes in protein relative abundance as indicators of dysbiosis [3]
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